Toolkit
The Federalist Papers
Part I | The Challenge and the Outline
- Federalist 1: Introduction, Alexander Hamilton
Part II | “The Utility of the Union”
- Federalist 2: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force & Influence, John Jay
- Federalist 3: The same Subject continued, John Jay
- Federalist 4: The same Subject continued, John Jay
- Federalist 5: The same Subject continued, John Jay
- Federalist 6: Concerning Dangers from War between the States, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 7: The subject continued, and Particular Causes Enumerated, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 8: The effects of Internal War in producing Standing Armies, and other institutions unfriendly to liberty, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 9: The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard against Domestic Faction and Insurrection, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 10: The same Subject continued, James Madison
- Federalist 11: The Utility of the Union in respect to Commerce and a Navy, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 12: The Utility of the Union in respect to Revenue, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 13: The same Subject continued, with a view to Economy, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 14: An Objection drawn from the Extent of Country, Answered
Part III | The “Insufficiency” of the Articles of Confederation
- Federalist 15: Concerning the Defects of the Present Confederation, in Relation to the Principle of Legislation for the States in their Collective Capacities, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 16: The same Subject continued, in relation to the same Principles, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 17: The Subject continued, and Illustrated by Examples, to Show the tendency of Federal Governments, rather to Anarchy among the Members, than Tyranny in the Head, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 18: The Subject continued, with further Examples, James Madison
- Federalist 19: The Subject continued, with further Examples, James Madison
- Federalist 20: The Subject continued, with further Examples, James Madison
- Federalist 21: Further defects of the present Constitution, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 22: The same subject continued, and concluded, Alexander Hamilton
Part IV | The Minimum “Energetic” Government Requirement
- Federalist 23: The necessity of a government, at least equally energetic with the one proposed, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 24: The subject continued, with an answer to an objection concerning standing armies, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 25: The subject continued, with the same view, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 26: The subject continued with the same view, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 27: The subject continued, with the same view, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 28: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 29: Concerning the militia, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 30: Concerning taxation, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 31: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 32: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 33: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 34: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 35: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 36: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
Part V | “The Great Difficulty of Founding”
The Difficulty with Demarcations and Definitions
- Federalist 37: Concerning the difficulties which the convention must have experienced in the formation of a proper plan, James Madison
- Federalist 38: The subject continued, and the incoherence of the objections to the plan, exposed, James Madison
- Federalist 39: The conformity of the plan to republican principles: an objection in respect to the powers of the convention, examined, James Madison
- Federalist 40: The same objection further examined, James Madison
The Difficulty of Federalism
- Federalist 41: General view of the powers proposed to be vested in the union, James Madison
- Federalist 42: The same view continued, James Madison
- Federalist 43: The same view continued, James Madison
- Federalist 44: The same view continued and concluded, James Madison
- Federalist 45: A further discussion of the supposed danger from the powers of the union, to the state governments, James Madison
- Federalist 46: The subject of the last paper resumed; with an examination of the comparative means of influence of the federal and state governments, James Madison
The Difficulty of Republicanism
- Federalist 47: The meaning of the maxim, which requires a separation of the departments of power, examined and ascertained, James Madison
- Federalist 48: The same subject continued, with a view to the means of giving efficacy in practice to that maxim, James Madison
- Federalist 49: The same subject continued, with the same view, James Madison
- Federalist 50: The same subject continued, with the same view, James Madison
- Federalist 51: The same subject continued, with the same view, and concluded, James Madison
Part VI | “The True Principles of Republican Government”
The House of Representatives
- Federalist 52: Concerning the house of representatives, with a view to the qualifications of the electors and elected, and the time of service of the members, James Madison
- Federalist 53: The same subject continued, with a view of the term of service of the members, James Madison
- Federalist 54: The same subject continued, with a view to the ratio of representation, James Madison
- Federalist 55: The same subject continued, in relation to the total number of the body, James Madison
- Federalist 56: The same subject continued, in relation to the same point, James Madison
- Federalist 57: The same subject continued, in relation to the supposed tendency of the plan of the convention to elevate the few above the many, James Madison
- Federalist 58: The same subject continued, in relation to the future augmentation of the members, James Madison
- Federalist 59: Concerning the regulation of elections, James Madison
- Federalist 60: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 61: The same subject continued, and concluded, Alexander Hamilton
The Senate
- Federalist 62: Concerning the constitution of the senate, with regard to the qualifications of the members; the manner of appointing them; the equality of representation; the number of the senators, and the duration of their appointments, James Madison
- Federalist 63: A further view of the constitution of the senate, in regard to the duration of the appointment of its members, James Madison
- Federalist 64: A further view of the constitution of the senate, in regard to the power of making treaties, John Jay
- Federalist 65: A further view of the constitution of the senate, in relation to its capacity, as a court for the trial of impeachments, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 66: The same subject continued, Alexander Hamilton
The Presidency
- Federalist 67: Concerning the constitution of the president: a gross attempt to misrepresent this part of the plan detected, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 68: The view of the constitution of the president continued, in relation to the mode of appointment, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 69: The same view continued, with a comparison between the president and the king of Great Britain, on the one hand, and the governor of New York, on the other, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 70: The same view continued, in relation to the unity of the executive, and with an examination of the project of an executive council, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 71: The same view continued, in regard to the duration of the office, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 72: The same view continued, in regard to the re-eligibility of the president, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 73: The same view continued, in relation to the provision concerning support, and the power of the negative, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 74: The same view continued, in relation to the command of the national forces, and the power of pardoning, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 75: The same view continued, in relation to the power of making treaties, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 76: The same view continued, in relation to the appointment of the officers of the government, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 77: The view of the constitution of the president concluded, with a further consideration of the power of appointment, and a concise examination of his remaining powers, Alexander Hamilton
The Judiciary
- Federalist 78: A view of the constitution of the judicial department in relation to the tenure of good behaviour, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 79: A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the provisions for the support and responsibility of the judges, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 80: A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the provisions for the support and responsibility of the judges, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 81: A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the distribution of its authority, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 82: A further view of the judicial department, in reference to some miscellaneous questions, Alexander Hamilton
Five Miscellaneous Republican Issues
- Federalist 83: A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the trial by jury, Alexander Hamilton
- Federalist 84: Concerning several miscellaneous objections, Alexander Hamilton
Part VII | Analogy to State Governments and Added Security to Republicanism