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Tallmadge to Washington: News from New York
May 8, 1780
Edited and introduced by
In this cryptic letter, Benjamin Tallmadge (1754–1835), writing under his alias “John Bolton,” reports to George Washington (1732–1799) that the Culper Ring’s agents had grown fearful and wished to suspend their dangerous work. Robert Townsend (Culper Jr., 1753–1838) in New York City had declined to continue, and Abraham Woodhull (Culper Sr., 1750–1826) had become “timid,” worried that the boat regularly crossing Long Island Sound had aroused British suspicion. Tallmadge relays Woodhull’s request for a new, trustworthy contact in the city and mentions possible replacements, including a “Mr. Mulligan,” likely Hercules Mulligan, the New York tailor who secretly fed information to the Patriots. This letter vividly conveys the constant fear and fragility that defined espionage in occupied territory. Spying carried the threat of the gallows, and the agents’ anxiety, captured in their reluctance to cross the Sound or maintain regular patterns, reminds readers that these were not invulnerable heroes but frightened people taking enormous personal risks. The letter’s coded names and indirect language illustrate the tradecraft the ring used to protect itself. Paired with the codebook and the other Culper letters in this collection, this document lets readers trace the human drama of the spy ring and consider why secrecy, though it kept agents alive, has also made their contributions so difficult for historians to document.    

Document

Wethersfield May 8th 1780

Sir, I have the honour to enclose to Your Excellency a Line from C—. At his earnest request I have lately had an interview with him at Setauket, who informs that C. Junr, who resides at N.Y., has of late declined assisting him. Even C. Senior grows timid, & thinks the intercourse had better be dropt for the present, & if any movements of Consequence should be in Contemplation he will renew his Services at any time. He wishes however to be informed of some Person at N.Y. whom he may Confidentially trust in the business. If Mr Duchie, or Mr Mulligan, have ever done any thing in this way, he would be obliged by a hint of it. C— informs that C. Junr has wrote your Excellency some time ago, that he proposed laying aside the business for the present. C. Supposed that the Boat crossing at such regular periods has given Cause for Suspicion, & for this reason would be glad (if nothing very important requires his attention in his former employment) not to have the Boat cross immediately. The next appointment is on the 24th of May inst., By which time I hope to be hond with a Line from Your Excellency on the Subject,— that I may reply to C— by the [illegible] Conveyance.

I have the honour to be your Excellency’s most Obedt Servt Jno. Bolton

Source

George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: John Bolton to George Washington, May 8. May 8, 1780. Manuscript/Mixed Material. https://www.loc.gov/item/mgw423469/.

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