Authors: James Madison

Presidential Portraits
1789–1825

Annual Message to Congress (1816)

President’s Annual Message, 14th Cong., 2nd sess., Annals of Congress, S12. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/yfsn. Fellow—Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: In reviewing the present state of our country, our attention cannot

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Presidential Portraits
1789–1825

Annual Message to Congress (1815)

President’s Message, 14th Cong., 1st sess., Annals of Congress, S11. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/yfsn. Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: I have the satisfaction on our present meeting of being able to

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