James Madison, “James Madison, September 20, 1814. Notes, Message to Congress,” in Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: James Madison, 1814, James Madison Papers, 1723 to 1859:

President’s Speech, 12th Cong., 2nd sess., Annals of Congress, S198. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/bl1m. Fellow—Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: On our present meeting it is my first duty to invite your

President’s Speech, 12th Cong., 1st sess., Annals of Congress, S4. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/bl1m. Fellow—Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: In calling you together sooner than a separation from your homes would

President’s message. Herald office. Dec. 3, 9 o’clock. P. M. We this moment received by express a copy of the President’s message- which we hasten to lay before the public.

James Madison, Inaugural Address Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/204113 About to add the solemnity of an oath to the obligations imposed by

James Madison, Inaugural Address Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/204053 Unwilling to depart from examples, of the most revered authority, I avail myself