The U.S. Constitution makes no mention of political parties, yet parties began to form shortly after its ratification. Parties formed as decentralized political associations that engaged the attention of ordinary citizens and held presidents accountable to local constituencies. But as the power of the presidency (and the federal government) grew, parties shifted their attention from building political support in the states and localities to vying for control over national administration. Partisan disputes have more often than not involved confrontations between the president and Congress that have undermined the public’s respect for American political institutions.

This program will be conducted as a discussion, utilizing primary source documents as the only readings, and with the Discussion Leader facilitating the conversation, instead of lecturing or presenting. Registrants, therefore, are highly encouraged to read all the documents in advance and come ready with questions. Teachers will receive a Letter of Attendance at the conclusion of the seminar.