The leadership and political possibilities that the position of first lady held were unanticipated by the constitutional convention that created the presidency. Nevertheless, from Martha Washington to Melania Trump, first ladies have been political strategists, formal hostesses, advisors, political surrogates, campaigners, and activists. We will examine how first ladies grappled with the demands of being first lady and exercising her influence in her own right.

This program will be conducted as a discussion, utilizing primary source documents as the only readings, and with the Professor facilitating the conversation, instead of lecturing or presenting. Registrants, therefore, are highly encouraged to read all the documents in advance and come ready with questions. Teachers will receive a Letter of Attendance at the conclusion of the seminar.