The Continental Experiences of the Delegates
Introduction
It has often been remarked that in the journey of life, the young rely on energy to counteract the experience of the old. And vice versa. What makes this Constitutional Convention remarkable is that the delegates were both young and experienced. The average age of the delegates was 42 and four of the most influential delegates—Alexander Hamilton, Edmund Randolph, Gouvernor Morris, and James Madison—were in their thirties. Over half of the delegates graduated from College with nine from Princeton and six from British Universities. Even more significant was the continental political experience of the Framers: 8 signed the Declaration of Independence, 25 served in the Continental Congress, 15 helped draft the new State Constitutions between 1776 and 1780, and 40 served in the Confederation Congress between 1783 and 1787.
Continental Experiences
Declaration of Independence Signers
- George Clymer (PA)
- Benjamin Franklin (PA)
- Elbridge Gerry (MA)
- Robert Morris (PA)
- George Read (DE)
- Roger Sherman (CT)
- James Wilson (PA)
- George Wythe (VA)
Continental Congress Experience
- George Clymer (PA)
- John Dickinson (DE)
- Oliver Ellsworth (CT)
- William Few (PA)
- Benjamin Franklin (PA)
- Elbridge Gerry (MA)
- Nathaniel Gorham (MA)
- William C. Houston (NJ)
- Jared Ingersoll (PA)
- Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer (MD)
- William Samuel Johnson (CT)
- John Langdon (NH)
- William Livingston (NJ)
- James Madison Jr. (VA)
- Gouverneur Morris (PA)
- Robert Morris (PA)
- Thomas Mifflin (PA)
- Charles Pinckney (SC)
- Edmund J. Randolph (VA)
- George Read (DE)
- John Rutledge (SC)
- Roger Sherman (CT)
- George Washington (VA)
- James Wilson (PA)
- George Wythe (VA)
State Constitution Convention Attendees
- Richard Bassett (DE)
- John Blair (VA)
- David Brearly (NJ)
- George Clymer (PA)
- William Few (GA)
- Nathaniel Gorham (MA)
- James Madison Jr. (VA)
- George Mason (VA)
- Gouverneur Morris (PA)
- William Paterson (NJ)
- Edmund J. Randolph (VA)
- George Read (DE)
- John Rutledge (SC)
- Caleb Strong (MA)
- Robert Yates (NY)
Articles of Confederation Signers
- Daniel Carroll (MD)
- John Dickinson (DE)
- Elbridge Gerry (MA)
- Gouverneur Morris (PA)
- Robert Morris (PA)
- Roger Sherman (CT)
Confederation Congress Experience
- Abraham Baldwin (GA)
- Gunning Bedford, Jr. (DE)
- William Blount (NC)
- Pierce Butler (SC)
- Daniel Carroll (MD)
- George Clymer (PA)
- Jonathon Dayton (NJ)
- John Dickinson (DE)
- Oliver Ellsworth (CT)
- William Few (GA)
- Thomas Fitzsimons (PA)
- Benjamin Franklin (PA)
- Elbridge Gerry (MA)
- Nicholas Gilman (NH)
- Nathaniel Gorham (MA)
- Alexander Hamilton (NY)
- William C. Houston (NJ)
- Jared Ingersoll (PA)
- Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer (MD)
- William Samuel Johnson (CT)
- Rufus King (MA)
- John Langdon (NH)
- John Lansing, Jr. (NY)
- James Madison Jr. (VA)
- Alexander Martin (NC)
- Luther Martin (MD)
- James McHenry (MD)
- John F. Mercer (MD)
- Gouverneur Morris (PA)
- Robert Morris (PA)
- Thomas Mifflin (PA)
- William L. Pierce (GA)
- Charles Pinckney (SC)
- Edmund J. Randolph (VA)
- John Rutledge (SC)
- Roger Sherman (CT)
- Richard Dobbs Spaight (NC)
- James Wilson (PA)
- Hugh Williamson (NC)
Annapolis Convention Signers
- Richard Bassett (DE)
- John Dickinson (DE)
- Alexander Hamilton (NY)
- William C. Houston (NJ)
- James Madison Jr. (VA)
- Edmund J. Randolph (VA)
- George Read (DE)
Federal Constitution Signers
- Abraham Baldwin (GA) *
- Richard Bassett (DE)
- Gunning Bedford, Jr. (DE)
- John Blair (VA)
- William Blount (NC) ‡
- David Brearly (NJ)
- Jacob Broom (DE)
- Pierce Butler (SC) *‡
- Daniel Carroll (MD)
- George Clymer (PA)
- Jonathan Dayton (NJ)
- John Dickinson (DE)
- William Few (GA)
- Thomas Fitzsimons (PA) ‡
- Benjamin Franklin (PA)
- Nicholas Gilman (NH) *
- Nathaniel Gorham (MA) *
- Alexander Hamilton (NY) ‡
- Jared Ingersoll (PA)
- Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer (MD)
- William Samuel Johnson (CT) *
- Rufus King (MA) *
- John Langdon (NH) *
- William Livingston (NJ)
- James McHenry (MD) ‡
- James Madison Jr. (VA) *
- Thomas Mifflin (PA)
- Gouverneur Morris (PA)
- Robert Morris (PA) ‡
- William Paterson (NJ) ‡
- Charles Pinckney (SC) *
- Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (SC)
- George Read (DE)
- John Rutledge (SC)
- Roger Sherman (CT)
- Richard Dobbs Spaight (NC)
- George Washington (VA)
- Hugh Williamson (NC) *
- James Wilson (PA) *‡
‡ Seven of the signers were immigrants. William Davie, an immigrant from England, left early.
* Twelve of the signers were also elected to the Confederation Congress of 1787 in New York. Non-signers William Houston, John Lansing, Alexander Martin, and William Pierce were also elected to represent their state in New York in 1787.
State Ratification Convention Attendees
- Richard Bassett (DE)
- Gunning Bedford, Jr. (DE)
- William Blount (NC)
- David Brearly (NJ)
- William R. Davie (NC)
- Oliver Ellsworth (CT)
- William Few (GA)
- Nicholas Gilman (NH)
- Nathaniel Gorham (MA)
- Alexander Hamilton (NY)
- William Samuel Johnson (CT)
- Rufus King (MA)
- John Langdon (NH)
- John Lansing, Jr. (NY)
- James Madison Jr. (VA)
- Luther Martin (MD)
- George Mason (VA)
- James McHenry (MD)
- John F. Mercer (MD)
- Charles Pinckney (SC)
- Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (SC)
- Edmund J. Randolph (VA)
- John Rutledge (SC)
- Roger Sherman (CT)
- Richard Dobbs Spaight (NC)
- Caleb Strong (MA)
- James Wilson (PA)
- George Wythe (VA)
- Robert Yates (NY)
New Federal Congress Experience
- Abraham Baldwin (GA)
- Richard Bassett (DE)
- William Blount (NC)
- Pierce Butler (SC)
- Daniel Carroll (MD)
- George Clymer (PA)
- Jonathan Dayton (NJ)
- Oliver Ellsworth (CT)
- William Few (GA)
- Thomas Fitzsimons (PA)
- Elbridge Gerry (MA)
- Nicholas Gilman (NH)
- William Samuel Johnson (CT)
- Rufus King (MA)
- John Langdon (NH)
- James Madison Jr. (VA)
- Alexander Martin (NC)
- John F. Mercer (MD)
- Gouverneur Morris (PA)
- Robert Morris (PA)
- William Paterson (NJ)
- Charles Pinckney (SC)
- George Read (DE)
- Roger Sherman (CT)
- Richard Dobbs Spaight (NC)
- Caleb Strong (MA)
- Hugh Williamson (NC)