The U.S. Constitution makes no mention of political parties, yet parties began to form shortly after its ratification. Parties formed as decentralized political associations that engaged the attention of ordinary citizens and held presidents accountable to local constituencies. But as the power of the president (and the federal government) grew, parties shifted their attention from building political support in the states and localities to vying for control over the national administration. Partisan disputes have more often than not involved confrontations between the president and Congress that have undermined the public’s respect for American political institutions.

This program will be conducted as a Socratic discussion, utilizing primary source documents as the only readings. Registrants are highly encouraged to read the documents. Teachers will receive lunch, as well as a Letter of Attendance at the conclusion of the seminar.