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An Exciseman
1791
The political cartoon “The Exciseman” (1792) reflects an important debate in the early United States about federal power and taxation. In 1791, Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton proposed an excise tax on distilled spirits as part of his plan to strengthen the nation’s finances and help pay debts from the American Revolutionary War. While the tax helped the new government raise revenue, it was highly unpopular with many Americans—especially farmers on the western frontier who distilled grain into whiskey to sell or trade. The cartoon criticizes the federal tax collector, known as the “exciseman,” by portraying him as intrusive and overly powerful. This exaggerated depiction reflects the fears of many citizens who believed the new federal government might become too controlling. For Americans who had recently fought a revolution against British taxation, the idea of federal officials inspecting goods and collecting taxes felt uncomfortably similar to the authority once exercised by British agents. “The Exciseman” also helps illustrate the tensions that led to the Whiskey Rebellion (1791–1794), when farmers in western Pennsylvania protested the whiskey tax and resisted federal enforcement.

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 Transcription

An Exciseman, carrying off two kegs of Whiskey, is pursued by two farmers, intending to tar and feather him, he runs for Squire Vultures to divide with him; but is met on the way by his evil genius who claps an [sic] hook in his nose, leads him off to a Gallows, where he is immediately hanged. The people seeing him hang, puts [sic] a barrel of whiskey underneath him and blows him up. etc.

The Distillers and Farmers pay[ing] all due deference and respect to Congress will not refuse to contribute amply for support of government but resolve not to be harassed by the opprobrious character (in all free governments), Viz., an Exciseman, [a class of characters] who are mostly forged out of old pensioners, who are already become burdensome drones to the community.

Epigraph

Beneath this tar and feathers, lies as great a knave
As e’er the infernal legions did receive
A bum exciseman despicable name
Fierce as ten thousand furies to these ports he came
To make the farmers pay for drinking their own grog
But thank the fates that left him in the bog.

For his bad genius coaxed him to a tree
Where he was hanged and burned, just as you see.
Launched off quick to gauge the River Styx[1]
Where he’ll get Sulphur all his drink to mix.
Ah! Farmers come and drop the tear of woe
‘Cause Pluto[2] did get him long ago.

Just where he hung the people meet,
To see him swing was music sweet
A barrel of whiskey at his feet
Without the head.
They brought him for a winding sheet[3],
When he was dead.

They clap’d a match unto the same
It flew about him in a flame,
Like shrouding[4] for to hide his shame
Both face and head.
The whiskey now will bear the blame;
It burn’d him dead. 

This elegy was made August 13, 1792 per Philo bonus Aqua Vitae, Poet Laureate

Source

Cartoon depicting ‘An Exciseman,’ a political statement from the Whiskey Rebellion in the newly formed United States; Location unknown, circa 1790. (Photo by Fotosearch/Getty Images).

Footnotes

  • In Greek mythology, the River Styx was the boundary between the land of the living and the realm of the dead.
  • The god of the underworld; this name was more commonly used in Roman than in Greek mythology.
  • A winding sheet is simply a large length of cloth used to wrap a body prior to burial.
  • The poet here plays on the double meaning of “shrouding” – it can refer either to the sheet used to wind around the dead body, in essence hiding it from the eyes of the mourners, or to the act of hiding something from sight more generally.

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